This study used nine different normalization methods to derive housekeeping genes from a RNA-seq data set of 47,611 transcripts derived from 30 biopsies. The biopsies were collected in a variety of clinical settings, with 5 replicates each: normal function, acute tubular injury, acute rejection, interstitial nephritis, interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy, and polyomavirus nephropathy. Transcripts...